The fingers and toes are supplied by vessels and nerves which run up the lateral aspects of each digit.

The surgery is recommended in a case of amputated fingers or toes, with salvaged digits in a condition that would enable replantation. This usually requires a clean cut across the digit, with minimal damage to the digital vessels and nerve. Amputated digits should be brought to the hospital with the patient, wrapped in moist paper towels, in a plastic bag, and on ice. Ice should be placed in a second plastic bag, into which the first plastic bag containing the severed digit is placed, to prevent direct contact between the ice and the severed digit.

While the patient is sleepy (sedated) or deep asleep and pain-free (regional anesthesia or general anesthesia),the bone ends are shortened to eliminate tension on the repaired vessels. The bone is stabilized with wires. Tendon repairs are done next.

Digital nerves and vessels are repaired with microsurgical instruments. This part of the surgery is most critical to its success. The skin is then closed. A bulky dressing is applied. Young children may have a cast applied to protect the area from injury.

The function of the replanted digit varies depending on the type of injury, the quality of the repair, and the post-operative healing course. Physical therapy after surgery is required to optimize function.