Protein-losing enteropathy

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Protein-losing enteropathy

Definition

Protein-losing enteropathy is an abnormal loss of protein from the digestive tract. It can also refer to the inability of the digestive tract to absorb proteins.

Causes

There are many causes of protein-losing enteropathy. Conditions that cause serious inflammation in the intestines can lead to protein loss. Some of these are:

Bacterial or parasitic infection of the intestines
Celiac disease
Crohn disease
HIV infection
Lymphoma
Lymphatic obstruction in the gastrointestinal tract
Intestinal lymphangiectasia

Symptoms

Symptoms can include:

Diarrhea
Fever
Abdominal pain
Swelling

Symptoms will depend on the disease that is causing the problem.

Exams and Tests

You may need tests that look at the intestinal tract. These may include a CT scan of the abdomen or an upper GI bowel series.

Other tests you may need include:

Colonoscopy
Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)
Small intestine biopsy
Alpha-1-antitrypsin test
Small bowel capsule endoscopy
CT or MR enterography

Treatment

The health care provider will treat the condition that caused protein-losing enteropathy.

References

Greenwald DA. Protein losing gastroenteropathy. In: Feldman M, Friedman LS, Brandt LJ, eds. Sleisenger and Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021:chap 31.

Rej A, Chew TS, Sanders DS. Gastroenterology. In: Penman ID, Ralston SH, Strachan MWJ, Hobson RP, eds. Davidson's Principles and Practice of Medicine. 24th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2023:chap 23.

Review Date: 7/30/2022
Reviewed By: Michael M. Phillips, MD, Emeritus Professor of Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC. Also reviewed by David C. Dugdale, MD, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.

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