Vaginal cysts

Definition

A cyst is a closed pocket or pouch of tissue. It can be filled with air, fluid, pus, or other material. A vaginal cyst occurs on or under the lining of the vagina.

Alternative Names

Inclusion cyst; Gartner duct cyst

Causes

There are several types of vaginal cysts.

Symptoms

Most vaginal cysts usually do not cause symptoms. In some cases, a soft lump can be felt in the vaginal wall or protruding from the vagina. Cysts range in size from the size of a pea to that of an orange.

However, Bartholin cysts can become infected, swollen and painful.

Some women with vaginal cysts may have discomfort during sex or trouble inserting a tampon.

Women with cystoceles or rectoceles may feel a protruding bulge, pelvic pressure or have difficulty with urination or defecation.

Exams and Tests

A physical exam is essential to determine what type of cyst or mass you may have.

A mass or bulge of the vaginal wall may be seen during a pelvic exam. You may need a biopsy to rule out vaginal cancer, especially if the mass appears to be solid.

If the cyst is located under the bladder or urethra, x-rays may be needed to see if the cyst extends into these organs.

Treatment

Follow-up exams to check the size of the cyst and look for any changes may be the only treatment needed.

Biopsies or minor surgeries to remove the cysts or drain them are typically simple to perform and resolve the issue.

Bartholin gland cysts often need to be drained. Sometimes, antibiotics are prescribed to treat them as well.

Outlook (Prognosis)

Most of the time, the outcome is good. Cysts often remain small and do not need treatment. When surgically removed, the cysts most often do not return.

Bartholin cysts can sometimes recur and need ongoing treatment.

Possible Complications

In most cases, there are no complications from the cysts themselves. A surgical removal carries a small risk for complication. The risk depends on where the cyst is located.

When to Contact a Medical Professional

Contact your health care provider if you feel a lump inside your vagina or is protruding from your vagina. It is important to contact your provider for an exam for any cyst or mass you notice.

References

Baggish MS. Benign lesions of the vaginal wall. In: Baggish MS, Karram MM, eds. Atlas of Pelvic Anatomy and Gynecologic Surgery. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021:chap 58.

Cox L, Rovner ES. Bladder and female urethral diverticula. In: Partin AW, Dmochowski RR, Kavoussi LR, Peters CA, eds. Campbell-Walsh-Wein Urology. 12th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021:chap 130.

Dolan MS, Hill CC, Valea FA. Benign gynecologic lesions: vulva, vagina, cervix, uterus, oviduct, ovary, ultrasound imaging of pelvic structures. In: Gershenson DM, Lentz GM, Valea FA, Lobo RA, eds. Comprehensive Gynecology. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 18.



Review Date: 7/12/2023
Reviewed By: John D. Jacobson, MD, Professor Emeritus, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA. Also reviewed by David C. Dugdale, MD, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.
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