Fat tends to "settle" in certain regions, depending on sex. Women gain fat predominantly in the stomach, hips and thighs, while men tend to gain fat in the belly and waist. Liposuction should not be used to treat obesity. It is best performed in patients close to their ideal weight who have persistent, localized fat deposits.

A special liposuction machine and instruments are used. While the patient receives local anesthesia or general anesthesia, small suction instruments are inserted through the skin into the fat pockets. The suction instruments are moved around to break up the fat and suction it out. Several punctures may be necessary to treat large areas. Small tubes may be placed to help drain out fluids and blood during the first few days. Liposuction may not require hospitalization, depending on the location and amount of surgery.

The area may appear larger than before surgery because of the swelling. A tight stocking, girdle, or snug elastic dressing must be worn over the treated area to reduce swelling and bleeding, and to help shrink the skin to fit the new contour. This garment should be worn continuously for 2 - 3 weeks. Patients should expect swelling, bruising, numbness, and pain that can be managed with medications. The stitches will be removed in 5 - 10 days. Some numbness may persist for weeks. Antibiotics may be prescribed to prevent infection. Sensations such as numbness or tingling, as well as pain, may be felt for weeks after the surgery. Walking is recommended as soon as possible to help prevent blood clots from forming in the legs. More strenuous exercise is restricted for a few weeks after the surgery.

When healing is complete, the body contour will be more trim and toned in appearance.