Fanconi syndrome

Definition

Fanconi syndrome is a disorder of the kidney tubes in which certain substances normally absorbed into the bloodstream by the kidneys are released into the urine instead.

Alternative Names

De Toni-Fanconi-Debré syndrome

Causes

Fanconi syndrome can be caused by faulty genes, or it may result later in life due to kidney damage. Sometimes the cause of Fanconi syndrome is unknown.

Common causes of Fanconi syndrome in children are genetic variations that affect the body's ability to break down certain compounds such as:

Cystinosis is the most common cause of Fanconi syndrome in children.

Other causes in children include:

In adults, Fanconi syndrome can be caused by various things that damage the kidneys, including:

Symptoms

Symptoms include:

Exams and Tests

Laboratory tests may show that too much of the following substances may be lost in the urine:

Loss of these substances can lead to a variety of problems. Further tests and a physical exam may show signs of:

Treatment

Many different diseases can cause Fanconi syndrome. The underlying cause and its symptoms should be treated as appropriate.

Outlook (Prognosis)

The prognosis depends on the underlying disease.

When to Contact a Medical Professional

Contact your health care provider if you have dehydration or muscle weakness.

References

Bonnardeaux A, Bichet DG. Inherited disorders of the renal tubule. In: Yu ASL, Chertow GM, Luyckx VA, Marsden PA, Skorecki K, Taal MW, eds. Brenner and Rector's The Kidney. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 44.

Chua AN, Kumar R, Foreman JW. Fanconi syndrome and other proximal tubule disorders. In: Johnson RJ, Floege J, Tonelli M, eds. Comprehensive Clinical Nephrology. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2024:chap 50.



Review Date: 3/31/2024
Reviewed By: Todd Gersten, MD, Hematology/Oncology, Florida Cancer Specialists & Research Institute, Wellington, FL. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David C. Dugdale, MD, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.
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